高性能内存对象缓存Memcached详细实验操作

目录

前提准备：

cache1，2：

客户端cache-api（一定得是LAMP环境）

memcache实现主主复制以及高可用(基于以上完成)

cache1,2:

memcache+keepalived(基于以上完成)

cache1,2:

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前提准备：

1. 准备三台centos7，其中一台为cache1：192.168.180.110，一台为cache2：192.168.180.120和一台客户端（LAMP环境）：192.168.180.150

2. 分别修改主机名称

hostnamectl set-hostname cache1 && bash hostnamectl set-hostname cache2 && bash hostnamectl set-hostname cache-api && bash

3. 关闭所有防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld setenforce 0

主要步骤开始！！！

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cache1，2：

1. 安装libevent

#解压 tar zxf libevent-2.1.8-stable.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ cd /usr/src/libevent-2.1.8-stable/ #安装组件 yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ #编译安装 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent && make && make install

2. 安装memcached

cd #解压 tar zxf memcached-1.5.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/ cd /usr/src/memcached-1.5.1/ #编译安装 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent && make && make install

3. 设置memcached服务脚本

vim /usr/local/memcached/memcached_service.sh #!/bin/bash CMD="/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached" start() { $CMD -d -m 128 -u root } stop() { killall memcached; } ACTION=$1 case $ACTION in 'start') start;; 'stop') stop;; 'restart') stop sleep 2 start;; *) echo 'Usage:{start|stop|restart}' esac #退出，设置权限，打开 chmod 755 /usr/local/memcached/memcached_service.sh /usr/local/memcached/memcached_service.sh start netstat -antp | grep memcache

客户端cache-api（一定得是LAMP环境）

1. 安装Libmemcached

#解压 tar zxf libmemcached-1.0.18.tar.gz cd libmemcached-1.0.18 #安装组件 yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ #编译安装 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmemcached --with-memcached=/usr/local/memcached && make && make install

2. 安装memcached扩展

tar zxf memcached-2.2.0.tgz cd memcached-2.2.0 /usr/local/php5/bin/phpize cp -r /usr/local/php5/include/php/ext/ ./ ./configure --enable-memcached --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config --with-libmemcached-dir=/usr/local/libmemcached --disable-memcached-sasl && make && make test && make install

在这一步时，输入n

获得共享地址

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20121212/

3. 配置php添加memcached组件

cd /usr/local/php5/ vim php.ini #输入刚刚获得的共享地址 extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20121212/" extension=memcached.so

4. 访问并查看是否添加成功

vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> #重启httpd systemctl restart httpd

🚨有些时候可能访问不到这个页面，但是在本地访问却可以访问到

curl 127.0.0.1/index.php | grep memcached

🚨可以看到是有内容的，有内容就可以直接进行下一步

5. 测试memcached-api功能

vim /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test02.php <?php $memcache = new Memcached(); $memcache->addServer('192.168.180.110', 11211); $memcache->set('key', 'Memcache test successful!', 0, 60); $result = $memcache->get('key'); unset($memcache); echo $result; ?> #重启httpd，可以多重启几次 systemctl restart httpd

🚨当访问这个的时候，可能也会访问不到，多重启几次httpd就可以了，上面的模块index.php也可以访问到了

6. 浏览器访问，看到这句话就说明已经被memcache记录了

192.168.180.150/test02.php

7. 在cache1上安装telnet,并远程登录

yum install -y telnet telnet 127.0.0.1 11211 输入：get key

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memcache实现主主复制以及高可用(基于以上完成) cache1,2:

1. 删除cache1，2上的memcache1.5.1版本

rm -rf /usr/src/memcached-1.5.1/ rm -rf memcached-1.5.1.tar.gz

2. 重新下载支持复制功能的memcache

yum install -y psmisc #关闭memcache /usr/local/memcached/memcached_service.sh stop netstat -nultp | grep memcached #解压 tar zxf memcached-1.2.8-repcached-2.2.tar.gz cd memcached-1.2.8-repcached-2.2 #编译 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached_replication --enable-replication --with-libevent=/usr/local/libevent

3. 修改配置文件

vim memcached.c #将原先的删除，替换成新的 #ifndef IOV_MAX # define IOV_MAX 1024 #endif #再进行安装 make && make install

4. 启动memcache服务

ln -s /usr/local/libevent/lib/libevent-2.1.so.6 /usr/lib64/ cache1：/usr/local/memcached_replication/bin/memcached -d -u root -m 128 -x 192.168.180.120 cache2：/usr/local/memcached_replication/bin/memcached -d -u root -m 128 -x 192.168.180.110 netstat -nultp | grep memcache

5. 在cache1远程登录并插入数值

telnet 192.168.180.110 11211 set username 0 0 8 20250215 get username

6. 在cache2上安装telnet并登录查看cache1插入的数值

yum install -y telnet telnet 192.168.180.120 11211 get username

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memcache+keepalived(基于以上完成) cache1,2:

1. 均安装keepalived

yum install -y keepalived #cache1修改主配置文件，将原先内容删除 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id route } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER //主备都为主 interface ens33 //网卡类型 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 //优先级 advert_int 1 nopreempt //不主动抢占资源，只在Master或者高优先级服务器上设置 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.180.200 //定义虚拟VIP地址 } } virtual_server 192.168.180.200 11211 //VIP故障检测 delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT persistence_timeout 20 protocol TCP sorry_server 192.168.180.120 11211 //对端IP,也就是cache2 real_server 192.168.180.110 11211 { //本机IP weight 3 notify_down /root/memcached.sh //当 memcached 宕机，停止keepalived服务 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 11211 } } } #编写完成退出,将这一份文件复制到cache2上 scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.180.120:/etc/keepalived/ echo "/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived" > /root/memcached.sh chmod +x memcached.sh

#在cache2上,修改配置文件的一些内容 vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id route } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 //优先级修改 advert_int 1 nopreempt（删除） //将这一个删除 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.180.200 } } virtual_server 192.168.180.200 11211 delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind NAT persistence_timeout 20 protocol TCP sorry_server 192.168.180.110 11211 //对端IP real_server 192.168.180.120 11211 { //本机IP weight 3 notify_down /root/memcached.sh TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 11211 } } } echo "/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived" > /root/memcached.sh chmod +x memcached.sh

2. 均开启

systemctl start keepalived

3. 查看VIP是否生成

ip address show dev ens33 | grep 192.168.180.200

4. 验证高可用性

#关闭seten 0 #cache1杀掉memcache： killall memcached 在cache2上查看，VIP已转移到cache2上