【树莓派c++图像处理起航1】

IT业界
2025-08-16 10:09:02

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文章目录前言一、Qt OPENCV 安装测试？1. 安装qt2.安装opencv 的基础库3. 安装的路就决定了不会一帆风顺3.1.QT 安装出错3.2 运行Qt错误 4. opencv实际路径，添加入Qt工程中二、使用步骤1.框架1. 开启摄像头2.获取显示图像的内容 2.测试2.1opencv 调用摄像头发现调用失败反复查找问题，2.1.1查看摄像头所有参数指令三、接着测试1.出现问题1：2.中途去开启了摄像头做了重启3.效果如图所示：总结

前言

提示：这里可以添加本文要记录的大概内容：

嵌入式图像处理

提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、Qt OPENCV 安装测试？

示例：树莓派opencv 的安装方法很多，

一种是下载源码编译然后安装，这种叫做大神。要最新，要全还得自己编译。一种是通过指令直接下载对应的opencv依赖项，应该是树莓派生态比较好，所以能应用的资源比较多。以下是这类安装的方法，但是就是这类的安装还是有一堆问题 c++ opencv 树莓派运行往下将变得简单， 1. 安装qt

输入一下指令

sudo apt-get install qt5-default sudo apt-get install qtcreator

Qt 安装完毕后记得检测一下编译器路径是否对了。

2.安装opencv 的基础库

一直以为安装opencv c++的库要重新编译树莓派环境下的源码，直到看了大佬的视频才明白，原来只安装依赖项就可以用了，这个真的很省事命令如下：安装往后记得找一下文件的路径

sudo apt-get install libopencv-dev sudo find / -name "libopencv_core.so"

3. 安装的路就决定了不会一帆风顺 3.1.QT 安装出错安装时遇到错误，在ubuntu22.04上安装qt5-defualt时，我会得到以下错误。 sudo apt-get install qt5-default 复制产出： Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done Package qt5-default is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package 'qt5-default' has no installation candidate

Stack Overflow用户发布于 2022-10-18 20:28:25

Ubuntu22.04存储库没有qt5-默认包。解决了Qt安装出错的问题

您可以通过安装qtbase5 5-dev来获得预构建的库。

sudo apt install qtbase5-dev qt5-qmake

3.2 运行Qt错误

更改编译器，解决了Qt运行出错的问题查找摄像头设备，为测试做准备

4. opencv实际路径，添加入Qt工程中 INCLUDEPATH +=/usr/include/opencv4\ /usr/include/opencv4/opencv2 LIBS +=usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libopencv_*.so

二、使用步骤 1.框架

1. 开启摄像头

测试：静态图像动态图像

raspistill //静态图像 raspivid //动态图像 2.获取显示图像的内容

代码

QT += core gui greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets CONFIG += c++11 # You can make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs. # In order to do so, uncomment the following line. #DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0 SOURCES += \ main.cpp \ mainwindow.cpp HEADERS += \ mainwindow.h FORMS += \ mainwindow.ui # Default rules for deployment. qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin !isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target INCLUDEPATH +=/usr/include/opencv4\ /usr/include/opencv4/opencv2 LIBS +=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libopencv_*.so #include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include <QLabel> #include <QPixmap> #include <QFileDialog> #include <QDebug> #include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> using namespace cv; MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) , ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked() { // 读取图像文件 // Mat image = imread("1.jpg"); // // 将OpenCV图像转换为Qt图像类型 // QImage qImage(image.data, image.cols, image.rows, QImage::Format_RGB888); // QPixmap qPixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(qImage); // ui->label->setPixmap(qPixmap); // 创建窗口和标签来显示图像 // QWidget window; // QLabel label(this); // label.setPixmap(qPixmap); // window.setCentralWidget(&label); //window.show(); // Mat image = imread("1.jpg"); // 将OpenCV图像转换为Qt图像类型 // QImage qImage(image.data, image.cols, image.rows, QImage::Format_RGB888); // QPixmap qPixmap = QPixmap::fromImage(qImage); // ui->label->setPixmap(qPixmap); QString fileName = QFileDialog::getOpenFileName(this, "选择图片", "", "Images (*.jpg *.png)"); if (!fileName.isEmpty()) { // 读取OpenCV图片 cv::Mat image = cv::imread(fileName.toUtf8().constData(), cv::IMREAD_COLOR); if (!image.empty()) { // 将OpenCV图片转换为Qt格式 QImage qtImage = QImage((const unsigned char*)(image.data), image.cols, image.rows, image.cols * image.channels(), QImage::Format_RGB888); // 显示图片在标签中 ui->label->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(qtImage)); //imageLabel->setPixmap(QPixmap::fromImage(qtImage)); } else { qDebug() << "Failed to load image:" << fileName; } } } 2.测试 2.1opencv 调用摄像头发现调用失败反复查找问题， 2.1.1查看摄像头所有参数指令 ls /dev/video* v4l2-ctl --info -d /dev/video0 --list-formats-ext

查看结果

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ s /dev/video* bash: s: command not found pi@raspberrypi:~ $ /dev/video* bash: /dev/video0: Permission denied pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls /dev/video* /dev/video0 /dev/video12 /dev/video15 /dev/video19 /dev/video22 /dev/video10 /dev/video13 /dev/video16 /dev/video20 /dev/video23 /dev/video11 /dev/video14 /dev/video18 /dev/video21 /dev/video31 pi@raspberrypi:~ $ v4l2-ctl --info -d /dev/video0 --list-formats-ext Driver Info: Driver name : unicam Card type : unicam Bus info : platform:fe801000.csi Driver version : 6.1.21 Capabilities : 0xa5a00001 Video Capture Metadata Capture Read/Write Streaming Extended Pix Format Device Capabilities Device Caps : 0x25200001 Video Capture Read/Write Streaming Extended Pix Format Media Driver Info: Driver name : unicam Model : unicam Serial : Bus info : platform:fe801000.csi Media version : 6.1.21 Hardware revision: 0x00000000 (0) Driver version : 6.1.21 Interface Info: ID : 0x03000005 Type : V4L Video Entity Info: ID : 0x00000003 (3) Name : unicam-image Function : V4L2 I/O Flags : default Pad 0x01000004 : 0: Sink Link 0x02000007: from remote pad 0x1000002 of entity 'ov5647 10-0036': Data, Enabled, Immutable ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT Type: Video Capture [0]: 'YUYV' (YUYV 4:2:2) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [1]: 'UYVY' (UYVY 4:2:2) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [2]: 'YVYU' (YVYU 4:2:2) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [3]: 'VYUY' (VYUY 4:2:2) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [4]: 'RGBP' (16-bit RGB 5-6-5) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [5]: 'RGBR' (16-bit RGB 5-6-5 BE) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [6]: 'RGBO' (16-bit A/XRGB 1-5-5-5) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [7]: 'RGBQ' (16-bit A/XRGB 1-5-5-5 BE) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [8]: 'RGB3' (24-bit RGB 8-8-8) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [9]: 'BGR3' (24-bit BGR 8-8-8) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [10]: 'RGB4' (32-bit A/XRGB 8-8-8-8) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [11]: 'BA81' (8-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [12]: 'GBRG' (8-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [13]: 'GRBG' (8-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [14]: 'RGGB' (8-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [15]: 'pBAA' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [16]: 'BG10' (10-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [17]: 'pGAA' (10-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [18]: 'GB10' (10-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [19]: 'pgAA' (10-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [20]: 'BA10' (10-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [21]: 'pRAA' (10-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [22]: 'RG10' (10-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [23]: 'pBCC' (12-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [24]: 'BG12' (12-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [25]: 'pGCC' (12-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [26]: 'GB12' (12-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [27]: 'pgCC' (12-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [28]: 'BA12' (12-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [29]: 'pRCC' (12-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [30]: 'RG12' (12-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [31]: 'pBEE' (14-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [32]: 'BG14' (14-bit Bayer BGBG/GRGR) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [33]: 'pGEE' (14-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [34]: 'GB14' (14-bit Bayer GBGB/RGRG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [35]: 'pgEE' (14-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [36]: 'GR14' (14-bit Bayer GRGR/BGBG) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [37]: 'pREE' (14-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB Packed) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [38]: 'RG14' (14-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [39]: 'GREY' (8-bit Greyscale) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [40]: 'Y10P' (10-bit Greyscale (MIPI Packed)) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [41]: 'Y10 ' (10-bit Greyscale) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [42]: 'Y12P' (12-bit Greyscale (MIPI Packed)) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [43]: 'Y12 ' (12-bit Greyscale) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [44]: 'Y14P' (14-bit Greyscale (MIPI Packed)) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 [45]: 'Y14 ' (14-bit Greyscale) Size: Stepwise 16x16 - 16376x16376 with step 1/1 三、接着测试

本来以为很ok了，结果还是遇到了大问题；调用： videocapture =new VideoCapture(0, cv::CAP_V4L2);

1.出现问题1：

open VIDEOIO(V4L2:/dev/video0): can‘t open camera by index

解决：参考链接：

blog.csdn.net/u011304078/article/details/132740921

输入: ls /dev/video* -l 这个是权限问题，直接通过chmod修改摄像头的权限，如果摄像头挂载到系统的设备名是/dev/video0,输入如下命令后，问题得到解决。 sudo chmod 777 /dev/video0 2.中途去开启了摄像头做了重启

打开摄像头模块 1、在树莓派终端中输入以下命令，打开配置：

sudo raspi-config

3.效果如图所示：

Qt 安装好后的软件展示

总结

学习框架和测试，用一种不用编译opencv源码的方式，成功的将Qt和opencv 用c++的方式运行了起来，写了基本图像处理的框架，接下来将测试摄像头的参数和相关设置