太空飞船任务，生成一个地球发射、火星着陆以及下一次发射窗口返回地球的动画3D代码

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import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # 天体参数设置（简化模型） AU = 1.5e8 # 天文单位（公里） earth_orbital_radius = 1.0 * AU mars_orbital_radius = 1.5 * AU orbital_speed = 2e4 # 简化轨道速度（km/s） # 时间参数 earth_period = 365 # 天 mars_period = 687 # 天 transfer_time = 258 # 霍曼转移时间（天） time_step = 2 # 动画时间步长（天） total_duration = 800 # 总任务时间（天） # 初始化图形 fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8)) ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') ax.set_facecolor('black') # 天体初始位置 def celestial_pos(t, period, radius): angle = 2 * np.pi * t / period return radius * np.array([np.cos(angle), np.sin(angle), 0]) # 霍曼转移轨道计算 def transfer_orbit(t, t_start, radius_from, radius_to, transfer_time): angle = np.pi * (t - t_start) / transfer_time r = radius_from + (radius_to - radius_from) * (t - t_start) / transfer_time return r * np.array([np.cos(angle), np.sin(angle), 0]) # 初始化绘图元素 earth, = ax.plot([], [], [], 'o', color='blue', markersize=8) mars, = ax.plot([], [], [], 'o', color='red', markersize=6) ship, = ax.plot([], [], [], 'o', color='white', markersize=4) trajectory, = ax.plot([], [], [], '-', color='gray', alpha=0.5) sun = ax.plot([0], [0], [0], 'o', color='yellow', markersize=12)[0] # 坐标轴设置 max_orbit = mars_orbital_radius * 1.2 ax.set_xlim(-max_orbit, max_orbit) ax.set_ylim(-max_orbit, max_orbit) ax.set_zlim(-max_orbit / 10, max_orbit / 10) ax.axis('off') # 动画更新函数 def update(frame): t = frame * time_step # 更新天体位置 earth_pos = celestial_pos(t, earth_period, earth_orbital_radius) earth.set_data(earth_pos[0], earth_pos[1]) earth.set_3d_properties(0) mars_pos = celestial_pos(t, mars_period, mars_orbital_radius) mars.set_data(mars_pos[0], mars_pos[1]) mars.set_3d_properties(0) # 飞船状态机 if t < transfer_time: # 前往火星阶段 ship_pos = transfer_orbit(t, 0, earth_orbital_radius, mars_orbital_radius, transfer_time) elif t < transfer_time + 30: # 火星停留 ship_pos = mars_pos else: # 返回地球阶段 ship_pos = transfer_orbit(t - transfer_time - 30, 0, mars_orbital_radius, earth_orbital_radius, transfer_time) ship.set_data(ship_pos[0], ship_pos[1]) ship.set_3d_properties(0) # 更新轨迹 x, y, z = trajectory.get_data_3d() x = np.append(x, ship_pos[0]) y = np.append(y, ship_pos[1]) z = np.append(z, 0) trajectory.set_data(x, y) trajectory.set_3d_properties(z) return earth, mars, ship, trajectory, sun # 创建动画 ani = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=int(total_duration / time_step), interval=50, blit=True) # 添加图例和标注 ax.text(0, 0, 0, "SUN", color='yellow', ha='center') ax.text(earth_orbital_radius, 0, 0, "Earth", color='blue') ax.text(mars_orbital_radius, 0, 0, "Mars", color='red') plt.show()